Shorter Encyclopaedia Of Islam Pdf

Egypt history geography. Egypts land frontiers border Libya to the west, Sudan to the south, and Israel to the northeast. In the north its Mediterranean coastline is about 6. Red Sea and the Gulf of Aqaba is about 1,2. Relief The topography of Egypt is dominated by the Nile. For about 7. 50 miles 1,2. From Lake Nasser, the rivers entrance into southern Egypt, to Cairo in the north, the Nile is hemmed into its trenchlike valley by bordering cliffs, but at Cairo these disappear, and the river begins to fan out into its delta. The Nile and the delta form the first of four physiographic regions, the others being the Western Desert Arabic Al ar al Gharbiyyah, the Eastern Desert Al ar al Sharqiyyah, and the Sinai Peninsula. The Nile divides the desert plateau through which it flows into two unequal sectionsthe Western Desert, between the river and the Libyan frontier, and the Eastern Desert, extending to the Suez Canal, the Gulf of Suez, and the Red Sea. Each of the two has a distinctive character, as does the third and smallest of the Egyptian deserts, the Sinai. The Western Desert a branch of the Libyan Desert is arid and without wadis dry beds of seasonal rivers, while the Eastern Desert is extensively dissected by wadis and fringed by rugged mountains in the east. The desert of central Sinai is open country, broken by isolated hills and scored by wadis. Egypt is not, as is often believed, an entirely flat country. In addition to the mountains along the Red Sea, mountainous areas occur in the extreme southwest of the Western Desert and in the southern Sinai Peninsula. The high ground in the southwest is associated with the Uwaynt mountain mass, which lies just outside Egyptian territory. The coastal regions of Egypt, with the exception of the delta, are everywhere hemmed in either by desert or by mountain they are arid or of very limited fertility. The coastal plain in both the north and east tends to be narrow it seldom exceeds a width of 3. With the exception of the cities of Alexandria, Port Said, and Suez and a few small ports and resorts such as Mars Marh and Al Alamayn El Alamein, the coastal regions are sparsely populated and underdeveloped. The Nile valley and delta. The Nile delta, or Lower Egypt, covers an area of 9,6. It is about 1. 00 miles 1. Tanzania Geographical and historical treatment of Tanzania, including maps and statistics as well as a survey of its people, economy, and government. Shorter Encyclopaedia Of Islam Pdf' title='Shorter Encyclopaedia Of Islam Pdf' />The Encyclopdia Britannica Latin for British Encyclopaedia, published by Encyclopdia Britannica, Inc., is a general knowledge Englishlanguage encyclopaedia. The Encyclopaedia of Islam EI is an encyclopaedia of the academic discipline of Islamic studies published by Brill. It is considered to be the standard reference. Egypt Country located in the northeastern corner of Africa. Egypts heartland, the Nile River valley and delta, was the home of one of the principal civilizations. Islam p arabiska, alislm r en monoteistisk, abrahamitisk religion som rknar Muhammed cirka 570632 som den sista profeten och Koranen. Pakistan-Aik-Piyaz-Do-Rotiyan-By-Inayatullah.jpg' alt='Shorter Encyclopaedia Of Islam Pdf' title='Shorter Encyclopaedia Of Islam Pdf' />One of the most frequently quoted Quranic verses is chapter 9 verse 5. This verse is known as The Verse of the Sword. Muslim terrorists cite it to justify their. Cairo to the Mediterranean, with a coastline stretching some 1. Alexandria to Port Said. As many as seven branches of the river once flowed through the delta, but its waters are now concentrated in two, the Damietta Branch to the east and the Rosetta Branch to the west. Though totally flat apart from an occasional mound projecting through the alluvium, the delta is far from featureless it is crisscrossed by a maze of canals and drainage channels. Much of the delta coast is taken up by the brackish lagoons of lakes Mary, Idk, Burullus, and Manzilah. The conversion of the delta to perennial irrigation has made possible the raising of two or three crops a year, instead of one, over more than half of its total area. The cultivated portion of the Nile valley between Cairo and Aswn varies from 5 to 1. Since the completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1. Until it was flooded by the waters impounded behind the High Dam to form Lake Nasser, the Nubian valley of the Nile extended for 1. Aswn and the Sudanese bordera narrow and picturesque gorge with a limited cultivable area. The 1. 00,0. 00 or so inhabitants were resettled, mainly in the government built villages of New Nubia, at Kawm Umb Kom Ombo, north of Aswn. Lake Nasser was developed during the 1. The Eastern Desert. The Eastern Desert comprises almost one fourth of the land surface of Egypt and covers an area of about 8. The northern tier is a limestone plateau consisting of rolling hills, stretching from the Mediterranean coastal plain to a point roughly opposite Qin on the Nile. Near Qin, the plateau breaks up into cliffs about 1,6. The outlets of some of the main wadis form deep bays, which contain small settlements of seminomads. The second tier includes the sandstone plateau from Qin southward. The plateau is also deeply indented by ravines, but they are relatively free from obstacles, and some are usable as routes. The third tier consists of the Red Sea Hills and the Red Sea coastal plain. The hills run from near Suez to the Sudanese border they are not a continuous range but consist of a series of interlocking systems more or less in alignment. A number of peaks in the Red Sea Hills rise to more than 6,0. Mount Shib al Bant, reaches 7,1. They are geologically complex, with ancient igneous and metamorphic rocks. These include granite that, in the neighbourhood of Aswn, extends across the Nile valley to form the First Cataractthat is, the first set of rapids on the river. At the foot of the Red Sea Hills the narrow coastal plain widens southward, and parallel to the shore there are almost continuous coral reefs. Free World Of Warcraft Cd Keygen For Games. In popular conception and usage, the Red Sea littoral can be regarded as a subregion in itself. The Western Desert. The Western Desert comprises two thirds of the land surface of Egypt and covers an area of about 2. From its highest elevationmore than 3,3. Al Jilf al Kabr in the southeast, the rocky plateau slopes gradually northeastward to the first of the depressions that are a characteristic feature of the Western Desertthat containing the oases of Al Khrijah and Al Dkhilah. Farther north are the oases of Al Farfirah and Al Bariyyah. Northwestward from the latter the plateau continues to fall toward the Qattara Depression Munkhafa al Qarah, which is uninhabited and virtually impassable by modern vehicles. West of the Qattara Depression and near the Libyan border is the largest and most populous oasis, that of Siwa. It has been inhabited for thousands of years and is less influenced by modern development. South of the Qattara Depression, and extending west to the Libyan border, the Western Desert is composed of great ridges of blown sand interspersed with stony tracts. Beyond the Qattara Depression northward, the edge of the plateau follows the Mediterranean Sea, leaving a narrow coastal plain. Sinai Peninsula. The Sinai Peninsula comprises a wedge shaped block of territory with its base along the Mediterranean Sea coast and its apex bounded by the Gulfs of Suez and Aqaba it covers an area of approximately 2. Its southern portion consists of rugged, sharply serrated mountains. These reach elevations of more than 8,0. Mount Catherine Jabal Ktrn, Egypts highest mountain, which has an elevation of 8,6. The central area of Sinai consists of two plateaus, Al Th and Al Ajmah, both deeply indented and dipping northward toward Wadi al Arsh. Toward the Mediterranean Sea, the northward plateau slope is broken by dome shaped hills between them and the coast are long, parallel lines of dunes, some of which are more than 3. The most striking feature of the coast itself is a salt lagoon, Lake Bardawl, which stretches for some 6. Drainage. Apart from the Nile, the only natural perennial surface drainage consists of a few small streams in the mountains of the southern Sinai Peninsula. Most of the valleys of the Eastern Desert drain westward to the Nile. They are eroded by water but normally dry only after heavy rainstorms in the Red Sea Hills do they carry torrents. The shorter valleys on the eastern flank of the Red Sea Hills drain toward the Red Sea they, too, are normally dry.